43.為什么要深化城市建設、運營、治理體制改革，加快轉變城市發展方式？
《中(zhong)共中(zhong)央(yang)關于進一步全面(mian)深(shen)(shen)(shen)化改(gai)革、推進中(zhong)國式現代化的決(jue)定(ding)》提出：“深(shen)(shen)(shen)化城市建設、運(yun)營、治(zhi)理體制(zhi)改(gai)革，加(jia)快(kuai)轉變城市發展(zhan)方(fang)式。”這是對通過深(shen)(shen)(shen)化改(gai)革推動(dong)城市發展(zhan)方(fang)式轉變的重要要求。可以從以下幾個(ge)方(fang)面(mian)理解。
第(di)一，這(zhe)是(shi)新(xin)時代貫徹人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)理念的(de)內在要(yao)求。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)是(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民的(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)發展要(yao)讓人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民群眾(zhong)生(sheng)活(huo)更幸福。老(lao)百姓滿意不(bu)滿意、生(sheng)活(huo)方(fang)便不(bu)方(fang)便，是(shi)評判城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)工作做得(de)(de)好不(bu)好的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)標準。近年(nian)來，我國(guo)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)發展成就顯著。以(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)為本(ben)的(de)新(xin)型(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮化深(shen)入推進，2023年(nian)末常住人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)口城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮化率達到66.16%；城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮居(ju)(ju)民居(ju)(ju)住條(tiao)件顯著改(gai)善，第(di)七次人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)口普查數據顯示城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮居(ju)(ju)民人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)均(jun)住房(fang)(fang)建筑面積達到38.6平方(fang)米；城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)居(ju)(ju)環境更加優美，2023年(nian)全國(guo)地級以(yi)上城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)空(kong)氣質量(liang)優良(liang)天數比例達到86.8%。但是(shi)，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)治(zhi)理仍有(you)提升空(kong)間，一些城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)存在交通擁堵、環境污染、生(sheng)活(huo)成本(ben)高、房(fang)(fang)價貴(gui)、看病(bing)(bing)難、上學難等“城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)病(bing)(bing)”現象。要(yao)聚焦人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民對(dui)高品質生(sheng)活(huo)的(de)期待(dai)，轉變城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)發展方(fang)式，合理安排生(sheng)產、生(sheng)活(huo)、生(sheng)態(tai)空(kong)間，走內涵式、集約型(xing)、綠色化的(de)高質量(liang)發展路(lu)子，讓人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民群眾(zhong)有(you)更多獲得(de)(de)感(gan)、幸福感(gan)、安全感(gan)。
第(di)二，這(zhe)是(shi)適應城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)規(gui)律(lv)和(he)趨勢的(de)必然(ran)(ran)要(yao)(yao)求。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)是(shi)一個自然(ran)(ran)歷史過程(cheng)，有(you)其自身規(gui)律(lv)。主要(yao)(yao)是(shi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)經(jing)濟發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)兩者(zhe)相(xiang)輔相(xiang)成、相(xiang)互(hu)促(cu)進；城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)是(shi)農(nong)村人口向城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)集聚、社(she)會結構和(he)生(sheng)產生(sheng)活(huo)方式持續變遷(qian)的(de)過程(cheng)；城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)是(shi)一個復雜的(de)巨系統，是(shi)生(sheng)命(ming)體(ti)(ti)、有(you)機體(ti)(ti)；城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)規(gui)模(mo)要(yao)(yao)同資源環境(jing)承載(zai)能(neng)力相(xiang)適應；等(deng)等(deng)。在經(jing)濟高速增長階段，在我國城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)建設發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)過程(cheng)中，一些城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)粗(cu)放(fang)(fang)擴張，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)管理簡單粗(cu)放(fang)(fang)，人地失衡、破(po)壞(huai)環境(jing)，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)文脈和(he)風貌(mao)受到(dao)破(po)壞(huai)，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)安全韌(ren)性(xing)保障不(bu)足，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)可持續性(xing)受到(dao)影響。要(yao)(yao)認識、尊重、順應城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)規(gui)律(lv)，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)不(bu)能(neng)只考慮做(zuo)大規(gui)模(mo)和(he)經(jing)濟效(xiao)益(yi)，必須統籌城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)生(sheng)產需要(yao)(yao)、生(sheng)活(huo)需要(yao)(yao)、生(sheng)態需要(yao)(yao)和(he)安全需要(yao)(yao)，推動城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)高質量發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)、可持續發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。
第三(san)，這是推進(jin)國(guo)(guo)家治(zhi)(zhi)理體系(xi)(xi)和(he)(he)治(zhi)(zhi)理能(neng)力現(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)的(de)應有(you)之義。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)是各(ge)(ge)類要素(su)(su)資源和(he)(he)經濟(ji)社會活(huo)(huo)動(dong)最集中的(de)地(di)方(fang)，是經濟(ji)、政治(zhi)(zhi)、文化(hua)、社會等方(fang)面活(huo)(huo)動(dong)的(de)中心承載(zai)地(di)。2023年我國(guo)(guo)19個(ge)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)群(qun)承載(zai)了(le)全國(guo)(guo)70%以上的(de)人(ren)口、貢獻了(le)80%以上的(de)國(guo)(guo)內生產(chan)總值。可以說，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)關(guan)乎中國(guo)(guo)式(shi)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)順利(li)推進(jin)，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)治(zhi)(zhi)理關(guan)乎國(guo)(guo)家治(zhi)(zhi)理體系(xi)(xi)和(he)(he)治(zhi)(zhi)理能(neng)力現(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)水平，必須抓好(hao)這個(ge)“火車(che)頭”。從(cong)各(ge)(ge)國(guo)(guo)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)過程(cheng)(cheng)看(kan)，一些(xie)國(guo)(guo)家沒有(you)處理好(hao)工農關(guan)系(xi)(xi)、城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鄉關(guan)系(xi)(xi)，大(da)量(liang)失業農民涌(yong)向城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)貧民窟，工業化(hua)和(he)(he)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮化(hua)進(jin)程(cheng)(cheng)受(shou)阻，甚至造成(cheng)社會動(dong)蕩(dang)和(he)(he)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)進(jin)程(cheng)(cheng)中斷。要堅定不(bu)移(yi)加快轉(zhuan)變城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)發展方(fang)式(shi)，推動(dong)形成(cheng)超大(da)特大(da)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)智慧高效治(zhi)(zhi)理新(xin)體系(xi)(xi)，不(bu)斷提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)要素(su)(su)吸引(yin)(yin)力和(he)(he)綜(zong)合(he)競爭力，為現(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)強(qiang)國(guo)(guo)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)提(ti)(ti)供(gong)有(you)力支撐和(he)(he)強(qiang)大(da)引(yin)(yin)擎。
深(shen)化(hua)(hua)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)、運營(ying)、治理(li)(li)體制改革，加快轉變(bian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)發展方(fang)式，需(xu)要著重抓好以(yi)下(xia)幾點(dian)：一是(shi)合理(li)(li)控制城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)規模(mo)，樹立(li)“精明(ming)增長”、“緊湊城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”理(li)(li)念，根據環(huan)(huan)境(jing)容(rong)量和(he)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)綜(zong)合承載能力等科學確(que)定(ding)(ding)人(ren)口規模(mo)，以(yi)水(shui)定(ding)(ding)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、以(yi)水(shui)定(ding)(ding)產(chan)，科學劃(hua)定(ding)(ding)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)開發邊界。二(er)是(shi)優化(hua)(hua)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)空(kong)間(jian)結構，加快編制城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)國土空(kong)間(jian)規劃(hua)，科學合理(li)(li)規劃(hua)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)生(sheng)產(chan)空(kong)間(jian)、生(sheng)活空(kong)間(jian)、生(sheng)態空(kong)間(jian)，推進(jin)(jin)產(chan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)融合、職住平衡，建(jian)(jian)立(li)可持(chi)續(xu)的(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)更(geng)新模(mo)式和(he)政策法規。三是(shi)提升(sheng)(sheng)數(shu)字化(hua)(hua)治理(li)(li)水(shui)平，運用大數(shu)據、云計算、人(ren)工智能等前沿(yan)技(ji)術推動城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)規劃(hua)、建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)、管(guan)理(li)(li)、運營(ying)全生(sheng)命周期智能化(hua)(hua)，提升(sheng)(sheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)智慧度與便利度，推進(jin)(jin)智慧城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)。四是(shi)加強(qiang)(qiang)生(sheng)態環(huan)(huan)境(jing)保(bao)護(hu)，處理(li)(li)好城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)生(sheng)產(chan)生(sheng)活和(he)生(sheng)態環(huan)(huan)境(jing)保(bao)護(hu)關系，修護(hu)生(sheng)態空(kong)間(jian)，加強(qiang)(qiang)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)保(bao)護(hu)，推進(jin)(jin)生(sheng)產(chan)生(sheng)活低碳化(hua)(hua)。五是(shi)提高城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)歷(li)史人(ren)文(wen)底(di)蘊，做好城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)歷(li)史、人(ren)文(wen)的(de)保(bao)護(hu)傳承、創意開發與創新利用，延(yan)續(xu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)歷(li)史文(wen)脈。六是(shi)深(shen)化(hua)(hua)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)安全韌性提升(sheng)(sheng)行動，健全規劃(hua)、建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)、投入機制，加強(qiang)(qiang)地(di)下(xia)綜(zong)合管(guan)廊(lang)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)和(he)老舊管(guan)線改造升(sheng)(sheng)級，加強(qiang)(qiang)防災減災、公共(gong)衛生(sheng)、城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)內澇治理(li)(li)等。
來源：共產黨員網