47.怎樣理解改革完善耕地占補平衡制度？
《中(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)關(guan)于進一步全面深化(hua)改革、推進中(zhong)(zhong)國式現代化(hua)的(de)決定》提出：“改革完(wan)善(shan)耕地占(zhan)(zhan)補(bu)(bu)平衡制(zhi)度，各類耕地占(zhan)(zhan)用納(na)入統一管理，完(wan)善(shan)補(bu)(bu)充耕地質量驗收機(ji)制(zhi)，確保達到平衡標準(zhun)。”耕地是糧食(shi)生產的(de)命根(gen)子，是中(zhong)(zhong)華民族永續發展(zhan)的(de)根(gen)基。長期堅(jian)持并不斷完(wan)善(shan)耕地占(zhan)(zhan)補(bu)(bu)平衡制(zhi)度，是牢牢守住(zhu)耕地保護紅線(xian)、確保國家糧食(shi)安全的(de)根(gen)本要求。
我(wo)國人(ren)口眾(zhong)多、耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)相對(dui)短缺(que)，解(jie)決好14億(yi)多人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)吃飯問(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)是(shi)治國理(li)(li)政(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)頭等(deng)(deng)(deng)大事。我(wo)們黨始(shi)終(zhong)高度重視耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)問(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)，全方位夯實(shi)(shi)糧食安(an)全基礎，強調依靠(kao)自己的(de)(de)(de)力量把中國人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)飯碗端穩(wen)端牢。黨的(de)(de)(de)十八大以來，黨中央部署實(shi)(shi)施(shi)農(nong)田水(shui)利(li)骨干工(gong)(gong)程、高標準農(nong)田建(jian)設(she)工(gong)(gong)程、黑土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)工(gong)(gong)程、耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)土(tu)壤(rang)污染治理(li)(li)和修復工(gong)(gong)程等(deng)(deng)(deng)，劃(hua)定耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)和永久基本(ben)農(nong)田保(bao)護(hu)(hu)紅線(xian)，建(jian)立省級黨委和政(zheng)府落(luo)實(shi)(shi)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)責(ze)任(ren)制(zhi)。這一(yi)系(xi)列硬措施(shi)，守住了(le)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)紅線(xian)，初步遏制(zhi)了(le)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)總(zong)量持續下滑趨(qu)勢。同時(shi)，也(ye)要清醒地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)認識到(dao)，我(wo)國人(ren)多地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)少的(de)(de)(de)基本(ben)國情(qing)沒有(you)變(bian)，耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)占用和補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)充(chong)之間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)矛盾仍然突(tu)出。現行(xing)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)占補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)平(ping)衡(heng)制(zhi)度設(she)計主要針對(dui)非農(nong)建(jian)設(she)，耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)轉為(wei)園(yuan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、林(lin)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)等(deng)(deng)(deng)其他(ta)農(nong)用地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)不(bu)需要補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)充(chong)；非農(nong)建(jian)設(she)補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)充(chong)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)主要來源(yuan)于耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)后(hou)備資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)開發(fa)，園(yuan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、林(lin)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)等(deng)(deng)(deng)其他(ta)農(nong)用地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)轉為(wei)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)后(hou)不(bu)作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)充(chong)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)管(guan)理(li)(li)。但(dan)一(yi)段時(shi)間(jian)以來，一(yi)些地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)方耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)大量轉為(wei)園(yuan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、林(lin)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)等(deng)(deng)(deng)其他(ta)農(nong)用地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，成為(wei)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)減(jian)少的(de)(de)(de)主要原因；一(yi)些地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)方耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)后(hou)備資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)匱乏，耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)開墾和生態保(bao)護(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)沖突(tu)越來越大；一(yi)些地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)方耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)占補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)平(ping)衡(heng)責(ze)任(ren)落(luo)實(shi)(shi)不(bu)到(dao)位，存在占多補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)少、占優(you)補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)劣、占整補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)散甚至弄(nong)虛作(zuo)(zuo)假等(deng)(deng)(deng)問(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)。新(xin)時(shi)代新(xin)征程上，耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)任(ren)務沒有(you)減(jian)輕，而是(shi)更加艱巨。針對(dui)當前耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)出現的(de)(de)(de)新(xin)情(qing)況(kuang)新(xin)問(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)，必(bi)須改(gai)革完(wan)善耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)占補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)平(ping)衡(heng)制(zhi)度，著力從根子上堵住制(zhi)度漏洞，強化制(zhi)度剛(gang)性約束。
習近平(ping)總書記強調，耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)是(shi)(shi)(shi)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)最(zui)為(wei)(wei)(wei)寶(bao)貴的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)資(zi)源；耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)紅(hong)線(xian)一(yi)定要(yao)守住(zhu)，千萬(wan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)突(tu)(tu)破，也(ye)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)變通(tong)突(tu)(tu)破；耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)補(bu)平(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)成為(wei)(wei)(wei)簡(jian)單的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數量平(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)，必須(xu)實現質(zhi)量平(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)、產能(neng)(neng)平(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)，決不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)再(zai)搞“貍貓換太子”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)把戲。改革完善耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)補(bu)平(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)制(zhi)度，必須(xu)把握(wo)好這些(xie)重大要(yao)求(qiu)，帶著保護(hu)(hu)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)強烈意識做好耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)補(bu)平(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)工作。一(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)改革耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)補(bu)平(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)管理(li)方(fang)式。將非農(nong)建(jian)(jian)設、造(zao)(zao)林(lin)種(zhong)樹、種(zhong)果種(zhong)茶(cha)等(deng)各類占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)用(yong)(yong)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)行為(wei)(wei)(wei)統一(yi)納(na)入耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)補(bu)平(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)管理(li)，明確(que)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)補(bu)平(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)責任(ren)，同時將鹽堿地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)等(deng)未利(li)用(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、低效閑(xian)置建(jian)(jian)設用(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)以(yi)及(ji)適宜(yi)恢(hui)復為(wei)(wei)(wei)優質(zhi)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)園地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、林(lin)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、草(cao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)等(deng)其他農(nong)用(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)統籌作為(wei)(wei)(wei)補(bu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)來(lai)源。第三次全國(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)土調查(cha)結(jie)果顯(xian)示，全國(guo)(guo)有8700多萬(wan)畝即可恢(hui)復為(wei)(wei)(wei)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)其他農(nong)用(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，相當一(yi)部分位于(yu)一(yi)年兩(liang)熟、三熟區域，光熱水土條件(jian)較(jiao)好。在尊重農(nong)民意愿和土地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)權利(li)人合法權益的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)前提(ti)下(xia)(xia)，穩(wen)妥有序恢(hui)復部分耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，有利(li)于(yu)穩(wen)定耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)總量，優化耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)布局。二是(shi)(shi)(shi)嚴格補(bu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)量管理(li)。堅持以(yi)恢(hui)復優質(zhi)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)、新開墾(ken)為(wei)(wei)(wei)輔，確(que)保補(bu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)造(zao)(zao)成生(sheng)態破壞，質(zhi)量達到(dao)高(gao)標準農(nong)田建(jian)(jian)設要(yao)求(qiu)，實現可長期(qi)穩(wen)定利(li)用(yong)(yong)。嚴格按照標準驗收(shou)審查(cha)墾(ken)造(zao)(zao)和恢(hui)復的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，質(zhi)量不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)達標的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得通(tong)過(guo)驗收(shou)。完善補(bu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)后續管護(hu)(hu)、再(zai)評價機(ji)制(zhi)，落(luo)實補(bu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)主(zhu)體培肥管護(hu)(hu)責任(ren)。三是(shi)(shi)(shi)完善耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)補(bu)平(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)責任(ren)機(ji)制(zhi)。按照“國(guo)(guo)家(jia)管總量、省級負總責、市縣抓落(luo)實”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原則(ze)，建(jian)(jian)立分級負責、職責明確(que)、監管有力的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)補(bu)平(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)責任(ren)機(ji)制(zhi)。建(jian)(jian)立“以(yi)補(bu)定占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)”機(ji)制(zhi)，以(yi)省域內(nei)穩(wen)定利(li)用(yong)(yong)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)凈增加(jia)量作為(wei)(wei)(wei)下(xia)(xia)年度非農(nong)建(jian)(jian)設允許占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)用(yong)(yong)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規模上限，對違法建(jian)(jian)設占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)用(yong)(yong)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)凍結(jie)相應的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)補(bu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)指標。四是(shi)(shi)(shi)健(jian)全耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)保護(hu)(hu)激勵(li)約束機(ji)制(zhi)。實施耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)保護(hu)(hu)經濟獎懲機(ji)制(zhi)，加(jia)強對補(bu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)主(zhu)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)補(bu)償激勵(li)。強化“長牙齒”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)硬措施，以(yi)“零(ling)容忍(ren)”態度嚴肅查(cha)處違法占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)用(yong)(yong)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)行為(wei)(wei)(wei)。落(luo)實耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)保護(hu)(hu)黨(dang)政同責，將耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)補(bu)平(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)作為(wei)(wei)(wei)省級黨(dang)委和政府耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)保護(hu)(hu)和糧(liang)食安(an)全責任(ren)制(zhi)考(kao)核的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)內(nei)容，對突(tu)(tu)破耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)保護(hu)(hu)紅(hong)線(xian)等(deng)重大問題(ti)嚴肅問責、終(zhong)身追責。
來源：共產黨員網