48.如何理解健全保障耕地用于種植基本農作物管理體系？
《中共中央(yang)關于(yu)進一(yi)步全面深化改革、推進中國式現代化的決定》提出：“健全保障耕地用于(yu)種(zhong)植基本農作物管(guan)理體(ti)系。”這是(shi)加強耕地用途引導和管(guan)控的有效手段，是(shi)保障糧食(shi)安(an)全和重(zhong)要農產(chan)品供給的重(zhong)大舉(ju)措。
黨中(zhong)央(yang)始終把保障糧(liang)食安(an)全作為治國(guo)理政(zheng)的(de)頭等大事，采取(qu)一系列有(you)力有(you)效舉措促生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)、保供給。近年來，我國(guo)糧(liang)食連年豐收，2023年糧(liang)食產(chan)量達(da)(da)到13908億(yi)斤，棉花產(chan)量達(da)(da)到562萬(wan)(wan)噸(dun)、油(you)料達(da)(da)到3864萬(wan)(wan)噸(dun)、糖料達(da)(da)到11376萬(wan)(wan)噸(dun)、蔬菜達(da)(da)到82868萬(wan)(wan)噸(dun)，農業綜合生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)能(neng)力和穩定性顯著增強(qiang)，為穩大局、安(an)民心發揮了至關重(zhong)要的(de)作用(yong)。我國(guo)用(yong)占世(shi)界9%的(de)耕地、6%的(de)淡水(shui)，養活(huo)了世(shi)界近20%的(de)人口，也為世(shi)界糧(liang)食安(an)全作出了重(zhong)要貢(gong)獻。
但要看到，全(quan)球(qiu)糧食(shi)(shi)(shi)安(an)全(quan)形勢依(yi)然(ran)嚴峻，國(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)糧食(shi)(shi)(shi)結構(gou)性矛盾仍然(ran)突出，龐大(da)人口(kou)基(ji)數和(he)消費(fei)結構(gou)持續(xu)升級情(qing)況下，我國(guo)(guo)(guo)糧食(shi)(shi)(shi)供(gong)求(qiu)緊(jin)平(ping)衡的(de)格局沒有根本改變(bian)。現階段我國(guo)(guo)(guo)已成為全(quan)球(qiu)第一(yi)大(da)糧食(shi)(shi)(shi)進(jin)(jin)口(kou)國(guo)(guo)(guo)，2023年(nian)進(jin)(jin)口(kou)糧食(shi)(shi)(shi)1.62億噸，占國(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)總產(chan)量(liang)23.3%，確(que)(que)保國(guo)(guo)(guo)家糧食(shi)(shi)(shi)安(an)全(quan)的(de)任務越來越艱巨。一(yi)個國(guo)(guo)(guo)家只有保障(zhang)(zhang)糧食(shi)(shi)(shi)、棉花、油料(liao)、糖(tang)料(liao)、蔬(shu)菜等基(ji)本農(nong)(nong)作(zuo)物生(sheng)產(chan)供(gong)給(gei)，才(cai)(cai)能掌握保障(zhang)(zhang)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家糧食(shi)(shi)(shi)安(an)全(quan)的(de)主(zhu)動(dong)權(quan)，進(jin)(jin)而才(cai)(cai)能掌握發展自主(zhu)權(quan)。因此(ci)，我們必須(xu)緊(jin)繃糧食(shi)(shi)(shi)安(an)全(quan)這根弦(xian)，抓(zhua)(zhua)緊(jin)抓(zhua)(zhua)好基(ji)本農(nong)(nong)作(zuo)物生(sheng)產(chan)，確(que)(que)保糧食(shi)(shi)(shi)安(an)全(quan)和(he)重(zhong)要農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品供(gong)給(gei)。
耕(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)是農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品生(sheng)產(chan)的物質基(ji)礎，農(nong)(nong)作物歸根結(jie)底是在(zai)耕(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)上種出(chu)來的。近年來，耕(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)利用(yong)存在(zai)過度趨利傾向，有的地(di)(di)方(fang)違(wei)法占用(yong)耕(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)開展非(fei)(fei)農(nong)(nong)建設，有的違(wei)規占用(yong)永久(jiu)基(ji)本(ben)農(nong)(nong)田綠化造林、挖塘養魚，有的大(da)規模挖湖造景，有的把農(nong)(nong)業結(jie)構調整簡單理解為(wei)壓減糧(liang)食(shi)生(sheng)產(chan)。對(dui)此，國務院辦公廳(ting)連續印發《關于(yu)堅決制(zhi)止耕(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)“非(fei)(fei)農(nong)(nong)化”行為(wei)的通知》、《關于(yu)防(fang)止耕(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)“非(fei)(fei)糧(liang)化”穩(wen)定糧(liang)食(shi)生(sheng)產(chan)的意見》，中央有關部門(men)出(chu)臺了嚴格耕(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)用(yong)途管控措施，取得(de)明顯(xian)成(cheng)效。但要看到，耕(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)“非(fei)(fei)農(nong)(nong)化”、“非(fei)(fei)糧(liang)化”現象在(zai)許多地(di)(di)方(fang)仍(reng)大(da)量存在(zai)，如(ru)果任(ren)其(qi)發展，將對(dui)國家糧(liang)食(shi)安全(quan)構成(cheng)威(wei)脅，必須健全(quan)耕(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)農(nong)(nong)用(yong)、良田糧(liang)用(yong)的制(zhi)度機制(zhi)。
健(jian)全(quan)(quan)保(bao)障(zhang)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)用(yong)于(yu)種植(zhi)(zhi)基本(ben)(ben)(ben)農(nong)(nong)(nong)作(zuo)物(wu)管理體系(xi)，就是要(yao)(yao)著眼科學(xue)合(he)理利(li)用(yong)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)，明(ming)確(que)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)利(li)用(yong)優先(xian)序，將有限的(de)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)優先(xian)用(yong)于(yu)基本(ben)(ben)(ben)農(nong)(nong)(nong)作(zuo)物(wu)生(sheng)產，集中(zhong)力量把(ba)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產品保(bao)住(zhu)守(shou)好。健(jian)全(quan)(quan)保(bao)障(zhang)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)用(yong)于(yu)種植(zhi)(zhi)基本(ben)(ben)(ben)農(nong)(nong)(nong)作(zuo)物(wu)管理體系(xi)，既涉(she)(she)及土地(di)(di)(di)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)利(li)用(yong)和農(nong)(nong)(nong)產品生(sheng)產，也涉(she)(she)及農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)利(li)益(yi)(yi)和農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)社會穩(wen)定(ding)(ding)，政策性(xing)很強(qiang)，需要(yao)(yao)統籌(chou)糧食(shi)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)和重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產品供(gong)給，統籌(chou)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業發展、生(sheng)態安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)和農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)增收。要(yao)(yao)遵(zun)循(xun)自然規律(lv)和經(jing)濟規律(lv)，尊重(zhong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)生(sheng)產經(jing)營合(he)法權(quan)益(yi)(yi)，因地(di)(di)(di)制宜確(que)定(ding)(ding)基本(ben)(ben)(ben)農(nong)(nong)(nong)作(zuo)物(wu)目(mu)錄(lu)，建立(li)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)種植(zhi)(zhi)用(yong)途監測體系(xi)，構建高效(xiao)、科學(xue)、合(he)理的(de)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)利(li)用(yong)結(jie)構，形成同市場需求相(xiang)(xiang)適應、同資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)環境承載能力相(xiang)(xiang)匹(pi)配的(de)現代農(nong)(nong)(nong)業生(sheng)產結(jie)構和區(qu)(qu)域布局，不(bu)(bu)(bu)斷提(ti)高管理科學(xue)水(shui)平。需要(yao)(yao)強(qiang)調的(de)是，各地(di)(di)(di)種植(zhi)(zhi)基本(ben)(ben)(ben)農(nong)(nong)(nong)作(zuo)物(wu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能不(bu)(bu)(bu)顧實際(ji)，盲(mang)目(mu)下指標、擴(kuo)面積，必(bi)須立(li)足資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)稟(bing)賦、氣(qi)候條件(jian)、種植(zhi)(zhi)制度(du)、區(qu)(qu)位條件(jian)等，把(ba)發揮區(qu)(qu)域比較優勢(shi)與保(bao)障(zhang)國家戰略需求相(xiang)(xiang)結(jie)合(he)，積極發展基本(ben)(ben)(ben)農(nong)(nong)(nong)作(zuo)物(wu)生(sheng)產，為保(bao)障(zhang)糧食(shi)和重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產品供(gong)給安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)作(zuo)出應有貢獻。
來源：共產黨員網